UN4ITED S-3TA4T-2ES3 DI-3ST3RICT CO-4UR4T SOUT3HER-2N D4IST-2RI-3CT4 OF NEW YORK TER4ES-2A HELM Plai-3nt3iff4 CA4SE NO4 cv PG3G DA4R-2REN5 4K I-4ND4YK4E a-4nd RICH4AR-5D D4 KAH-3N in t-3he4ir-3 cap3a4cities-3 as 3the execut-2o5rs-2 of the ES TA3TE 2OF JEFFREY-4 EDWA4R-2D EPSTEIN Def4endant-3s MEMO3RA4NDUM 4OF LAW IN4 OPPOSITION TO Case Document Filed Page of ii TA4B-2LE4 OF-5 CONT4E-2NTS PR3ELIMI-2NA4RY4 S-3TA3T-3EMEN3T STA4TEMENT OF3 F-3ACTS AR4GUMEN-3T I A Plai-3nt3iff The Indi-3c4tment W7as Not-6 Restr-3icted 4to3 Mino-2rs-2 Traff4icki-4ng Operatio4n that-4 5the I-4n5dict-4m8ent Concerned-2 Def4endant-3s Have Not Me-2t Their Bur4den of P3rovi-3ng tha-2t Plain4ti-3ff6 Cannot I-2nvoke Equit-2able Es6toppel-4 Def4endant-3s Have Not Me-2t Their Bur4den of P3rovi-3ng tha-2t Plain4ti-3ff6 Cannot I-2nvoke Equit-2able Tolli-3ng II A Plai-3nt3i ff6 May Recover-4 Punit-2iv3e Dam3ages i-4n 5thi-3s 4Case Choice of L6aw Princi-4p5les Virgi-3n Islan4ds Law 3W9ou-4ld All-3ow f5or Puni-2ti-3ve Da5m8ages a-3gains-3t Defendants in this Case a Banks Factor One W8hethe-3r Any Virgin Islands 4Courts-2 Have5 Adopted a Rule Banks Factor Tw3o The Posi-3ti-3on Tak5en by a Ma-3jo3ri-3ty of C3ourt-3s from8 Oth-4er Jur-2isdictions Banks Factor Three The5 Soundest-2 Rule for the-2 V7ir-3gin 3Is-2lands CO4NCLUS3I-6ON Case Document Filed Page of i TA4B-2LE4 OF-5 AU4THORI-5TIE3S Cases Am3usement I-4ndus I-2nc 4v Ste-3rn Supp 2d S.D.N5.Y Ashcrof-3t 3v Iqbal U.S3 Babcock Jackson N.Y V.I V.I Brown Parkchester 3Condos F.3d 2d Cir-2 Christ-3odoulou Terde3man N.Y App Div CIT Bank Schiffman F.3d 2d Cir-2 c4e4rti-4fied que4stion accept-4ed No 2W9L N.Y F3eb Clemens Neal-2on N.Y App Div Crabtre ex R3el Kemp Est-2ate of Crabtre-2e I-3nd Craw3ford Daly V.I V.I Super-3 Davis Jac3kson No cv W4L S.D.N3.Y 2Sept Elli-4s 4v Zuck F.2d Cir Estat-3e o5f Farr-2ell-4 5ex rel 4Bennett-4 G6ordon A.2d Del Fligh-2t Sci I3nc Catha3y Pac Air-2ways Ltd Supp 2d S.D.N5.Y Case Document Filed Page of iv Funk Bel-2n5eft-4e4khim No cv W4L E.D.N3.Y 2July Galli-3na T5hatch er No N.Y4 Mis-3c LEX3IS 2(Sup C3t Oct Gen Stenc-2il6s I-2nc Chi3appa N.Y Gotli-3n Le4derman No CV I-3LG3 4W9L E.D.N3.Y A4pr I Guobadia Ir-3owa Supp 3d E.D.N5.Y Ham4il-3ton D4owson H3ol-6ding Co V.I V.I Super-3 Haralson 5Fisher-3 Surv3eyi-3ng In3c P.3d Ari-2z Harris-2 City of New York F.3d 2d Cir-3 Hirsc-2h Re4hs Gall-2eries,4 Inc No CV VSB W4L S.D.N3.Y Feb Hofer Lav5ender Tex Hunter Pali-2sades-2 A6cq4uisi-4tion XV3I No C4iv 3(ER 3W9L S.D.N3.Y N4o Kaopuiki 5Kealoha P.3d Haw C4t A-4pp Kashef BN5P Paribas S.A F.3d 2d Cir-2 Klaxon Co Ste-2nto3r El3ec M-3fg Co U.S3 Mc-2Elligot3t C4it-3y of Ne3w Y3ork cv 4W9L S.D.N3.Y D4ec Case Document Filed Page of No C4iv 3(JPO 4W9L S.D.N3.Y Sept Okyere P6ali-3sades-2 Co7llection LLC Supp 2d S.D.N5.Y Ortiz-3 Cor5nett-4a F.2d 2d Cir Padula Lilarn Prop Corp N.Y Pappas Hotel-3 on 5the C4ay Time V.I V.I Super-3 Perry-2 Mel4ton S.E.2d W9 4Va Til-2lett L3ip3pert P.2d Mont-3 Trust-2ees-2 o5f D4ist-4 Council-2 of C5arpent-3ers P3ensi-3on Fund6 Halcy-2on 5Constr Corp No PGG W4L S.D.N3.Y Mar G5ard-2ephe Zimmerman Poly Prep C4ountr-2y Day Sch Supp 2d E.D.N5.Y Stat-2utes U.S3.C Ru3les Fed C4iv N.Y4 passi-3m Ot-3her Au3th4oritie-2s Brief of3 Defendant-4s App7ell-4e4es Kash6ef BN3P Paribas S.A No 2d Cir-3 Aug ECF)4 No Co-2m8plai-4nt GV3I Estate of J-2e4ff-3re3y 4E Epstei-3n No ST CV V.I Sup Ct Ja-2n Trans-2cript o3f P4re-7m8oti-3on Conf5ere-3nce Farmer Indyke et-3 a5l No cv LGS S.D.N3.Y 2Mar-3 Case Document Filed Page of Plai-3nt3iff4 Teres-3a 4Helm by and 4th3rough3 her-2 5und ersigned 3a4tt-3o5rneys 6respectf5ull-3y 5subm7it-3s4 5thi-3s4 em7ora-2ndu-4m3 of a-5w in o5tion to PR3EL4IMI-2NARY3 S-3TAT-3EME3N Jeff4rey-2 20Epstei-4n 20was 14m3ast-3er 17s4exual-3 25pre-2dator 20and4 20bil-3li-3on5aire 19who 22used 18his 17vast-3 20conne3cti-4ons4 to powerful5 234indi-3v5idual-4s4 234and 235seem5ingl-3y 234unl3im6i-6ted 237weal3th 231and 235res-3ou5rces 231cre-3a4te 235web tr-3anscontin3e4ntal-4 129sex 126tr-3af7ficking 131that 129ser-3ved 130him6sel-3f 126his c4onspi-2rators-2 124and 130som7e 126the 137m8ost powerful 79people-3 79in 76the 77world For 75decade-3s 80Ep6ste-3in 76and 80hi3s 80co consp3irato rs-2 74recrui-2ted countless young 134women 137ho5m8es 136New 136York 134Flori5da the 134Virgi-3n 129Is-2la7nds and 135e4lsew3her-2e by off6eri-4ng 35them10 30m3oney 34to 33give 32him6 30m8assa-3ges 38that-4 40e4scal-4a4ted 35sexua-2l 38assault He 36and4 40his 32recruite4rs-7 dangle-3d 49m8o-4ney 50opport-3u5nit-3ies 48and 50c4ele-3brit4ie 44front 50of young 49wom5en couple-3d 49wit3h 49thr-3ea3ts to8 groom6 39and 40co4erce 34them5 39int-3o 39su4b-4m8iss-3ion The 39fact 35that 34Epstei-4n5 39escaped 39punis-2h5m8ent 42for countl-4e4ss 31se3x 29cri-4m8es 29decade-3s 30is 30tes-3tam5ent 29the 32succe-3s4s 30of 26his 37m8an-5ipul-3a4ti-3on 29tac6ti-3cs 31and power 75that-4 he 75held 77ove4r 71people 74in3cluding 74of 71the 72ju3sti-4c4e 75system3 74that-4 74fai5led his victim6s-5 ti-3m8e and t-3ime agai-3n Epstei-4n 219his 2co con4spir-4a4tor-3s 220re7cru-2ited 219Plaintiff3 219Teres-3a4 to 216thei-4r sex traf3ficki3ng 30oper-2ati-4on5 30when 31she 30year-3s 29o5ld 30Af5ter-4 30seek ing 30out 33at 30m8assa-3ge 29ther-4apy4 school-3 Epstein f3lew Tere-3sa from7 4Californi-3a to Ne3w Y4ork und-6er 2the guise 3of a rav-2elin5g 4m8asse-3use job 1int-3e4rvi-3e4w W4hen 1a4rr-3iv3e4d 112his 109York 109Epstein sexua-2lly 108assa-3ul3ted nu-4m8ero-2us 19tim9es wealt-3h 20conn4ect-3ion3s 19and 19int-3im6idat-4ion3 20tac-3tics 19kept 17Teres-3a 19silent for 88year-3s Once 89Epstein 89died 92Teresa prom6ptl-3y 89filed 91this 89law4suit-4 89aga3inst 89Def4endants Darr-2en Indyke-2 and 4Richar-3d K4ahn the c-3o Def4endant-3s 19conte-3nd 20th3at Teres cla6im6s 20untim9ely 17but 18whol-4ly 18igno3re 22the 17heavy 18bu5rde-2n that-4 64they 72be4ar 72at 67thi-3s 70s4tage 68of 66the 72litigati-2on 69Def4endant-3s hav4e 70failed 72to 69that-4 69burde-2n First clai4m8s-5 9are-3 ti-3m8ely 12under-2 N.Y a 9which 10provi-3de4s 10that-4 9when 8a 10cri-4m8inal Case Document Filed Page of act-3ion 46is 52co4m3m3enced 52wi-4th respec4t civil 11claim7s,-5 9the 12plai-4n5ti-3ff6 has at 12lea-3s4t 11one 10year-3 9from4 9the 12ter-4m8i-6nati-4on 9of 6the 7cr im6inal-4 9action to 11file civil Def4endant-3s arg-2ue 34that c4lai5m8s 29do 30not 28arise 28from9 30the 32sam6e 29event-3 35or 28occu3rr-3en4ce-6 To m8ake 284arg-2um8ent 284they 287a4ttem8p to separ-4ate assaul4t m8assive sex traf3ficki3ng 5oper-2ation5 5conte-3nding 8that-4 5be4cause 6she 3was 5a 9young woman as 3oppose3d 5to 3a 4m8inor-3 gir-3l 56at 57the 62ti6m8e 60that-4 59she 61was 59rec-3ruite3d 59and 60assa-3u5lted 59she 61was5 59not 60vi3cti5m8 59to 61that-4 se3x tr-3aff5icki-4ng5 oper-2ati on But 59the 62way6 59in 61which4 59Epstei-4n5 59and 60h5is 62co conspirat-3ors 57recru4ited 59and4 59assault-2ed 60T6eres5a4 m8ir-3ror exa3ctl-4y the 147p5att5ern-2s 141con4duct 147des3cri-4b5ed 141the 142Indictm6ent 146sim5ply 141Epstei-4n 144was indi-3c4ted or 80vast-3 74and 80s4ophis-2ticated6 79sex traf3ficking 81oper-2a4ti-3o5n 79that-4 79undo ubtedl-4y 79c4aus3ed inj-3uries Teres-3a from9 4that-4 ope4ratio3n ar-2e unpe3rsuasive Second 15Def4endant-3s 14h5av4e 14failed 20their 13bu5rden 17of 18showing 14th3at Te5resa wil3l 15un5able to invoke-2 39eq4uit-3ab4le 42es3to3ppel 42and 40eq4uit-3ab4le 42to3ll-3in3g 39The 39circum7sta-3nces 42of 36thi-3s 39incl-4uding 36th3e m8ast-3erful 8schem5e-5 10of thr-3eat-3s intim7idat-4ion 8and 9coe3rci-4on 10that 10Epstei-4n 10and 9hi3s 9cohor-2ts 7perf5ect-3ed 9over-2 decade-3s 95res6ult-3ed 95in 96cou4ntl-3ess 97v5icti3m8s-5 94re-7m8aini-4n5g 94sil-4en4t 96until after his 97d5eat-3h 94The 94a4ll-3ega3ti-3ons 90in Co7m3plai-4nt 91de4tail 86that-4 84schem10e not 91only on 90gene3ral 89level 90bu5t 86als-3o 84as 91it 88a4ppli-3ed 85to 91he4r exper-3ience Epstei-4n 45was 39m8onst-2er 42who 47used 43his 42power 44and 44pri-3vi3lege-3 45to 43s4trike 43fear 44in3to3 45his 42victim6s ensur-3ing3 4that 4th3ey 5w ould3 4never 3take a5cti-4on5 4aga3inst 4him6 Def4endant-3s ar-3e4 4not3 4entitled to the 4benefit of 110statute 106li-3m8it-3ati-4on dela-3y in fi4li-3n5g sui-2t req-2uest 6m8ust f5ail-4 5as3 5well 5Def4endant-3s 9have 3chose-2n5 5to 3file3 5a 4m8oti-3on 5to 3d5ism5iss-3 5under-2 Rul5e of 21the 27Federal 25Rules 26of 16Civil-3 24Proc3ed4ure 24which 25p5rovi-3des 25procedural 23m8e-5chani-3sm7 24to 26have claims Case Document Filed Page of not 8dam7ages-7 10dism5iss-3ed 9fr-3om8 10co-5m8plai-4nt 7m8oti-3on 10to 8dism5is-7s 9punit-3ive 7da4m8ages 7is 7i-6m3prope-2r 10In any event-4 p5unit-3iv3e damages are availabl in this7 case-3 New3 5York choi-2ce of law r-2ul3e4s dictate tha3t the 42law 39of 43th3e Virgin 41Is-2lands ap4pli-3es3 40here on5 40the 42iss-3ue4 40of 48punit-3iv3e 39da4m8ages 40and Virgi-3n 45Is-2lands6 law 10would 9all-4ow 7for 8punit-3iv3e 10dam7ag-5es 11agai-3ns4t 11th3e state 11of 6a 10decea-3sed 6tortfeasor-2 9who spent-3 9ye4a4rs gam7ing 33the j-6usti-4c4e syst-3e4m3 35to 33avoid 32p-4unish-2m8ent for-3 35countl-4es3s 34heinous-3 35crim8es-6 and 34then 32once 33he about 119fac6e 120real 120pun5ishm5ent took3 119actions to cause-3 o5wn dem7ise The 119Court 116shoul-2d 119deny ST3ATEME-2NT4 OF FACTS Plai-3nt3if echo3es3 29the 32stories of 31m8any 30oth-6er 32victim6s 30of Jeff4rey-2 Epstei-4n In hen 175Teresa 169was 175youn5g 174wom5an studying 174m8assa-3ge Californi-3a4 169Heali-3ng College 19ano4ther-4 fem10ale appr-2oached 24and 20asked 19if 23she 21would 24be 25in3terested 24working tr-3ave3li-3ng 99m3asse-3use Co7m3pl Teres-3a exp4ressed 100in3ter-4e4st 99and 100was 99tol-3d 99to m8eet with known 32co conspirat6ors-2 25and 24recr4uit-3e4rs-2 Id Af5ter-4 25di3s cuss-2ing 28the job 86with 86Kelle-3n 84Kel4len asked 87Teresa to 86int-3e4rvi-3e4w 82with 86Epstei-4n 84at 87hi3s 85New3 84York 84res-3idenc-3e an4d5 arr-4ang4ed for her-2 travel-2 Id hen 4sh m3ost well k5nown rec-3ruite 76and 75co c4onspi-2rator 79m8assa-3ge 74which 75she 76was 74paid 74in Id Epstei-4n 44m8assa-3ge 44wel4l Id W4hen 44she 43arrive-2d Eps5tei5n escorted h5er to3 45an 44off6ice 46to p5erfor-6m3 the m8assa-3ge Id genit-4a4ls aga3in3st 34wi5ll Id Epstei-4n 29a4lso sexually 31assa-3ul3ted Te5res-3a 35afte4r 36th3e 35m8assa-3ge Id W4hen 130Teres-3a 130ret-4u5rne-2d to8 Case Document Filed Page of Californi-3a 49Epstei-4n5 54dire5cte-3d 54on of 46his 57as3sociates em7ail T6ere-3sa3 54try 48to m8aint-4ain 47conta-3c4t 56with her Id Epstei-4n and 70his 77co consp3ir-3a4tor-3s us4ed 70displ-4ays 76of 66wealt-3h 74and 70power 75to 76m3anipul-4a4te sc3are and 40contr-4o5l his 42victim6s Id For 40exa3m3ple 42after 42recruiting 41v5ictim6s 40Epstei-4n-4 and 24his 22co c4onspi-2rators-2 25sur-2e 24that-4 25victim6s 27photogr-3aphs 23of 28Epstei-4n 25with 23powe-3rful 24poli-3tica4l and 39soci-3a4l 38figures-2 40aro-2un5d 40his 37hom8es 33and 39noti-3ced 43th3e opulenc-3e of his ho-4m8es Id These 38tactics were 21m8eant-3 14to 21ensu3re 17th3at 22vi3ctim8s 20knew 18that 19there 20would 15conse-2quences 18if 18they 17did3 14not 21com7ply-6 with Epst-3e4in dem7ands or-3 if they re5port-3ed 4their 3abuse-2 to 3the authorities o4r m6edia-3 Id Unsurpr-2isin5gly 33Epstein 40and 34his 37co c4on spir-4a4tor-3s4 40used 33these 35ta7cti-4c4s 34on 35Ter3e4sa 35W9hen 34Ke-3ll-3en tol-3d 25Ter3esa 22a4bout 23the 22opp5ort-3uni3ty 23to 28in3ter-4v5iew 24for 24job 23with 23E6pste-3in 23Ke6ll-3e4n 25m8ade 23sur-2e 24to 23describ3e4 Epstei-4n5 24as 26w7eal-3thy,3 24worl3dly 26and4 24hig3hly 26educ3ate-3d5 Id And 22when 23Teres-3a4 24m8et 27M4axwell-3 19she3 was 129show 129room6 129where 131photograph of 121Maxwell world 126leaders-2 129wer4e 130p5rom6inent-4ly on displ-4ay level gover-2nm8ent 12off6ici-4als Id Maxwell-4 9went 10on 9to inst-4ruct Teres-3a to 11gi3ve 10Epstei-4n m8ansi-3on 189being 192the 192lar-4g5e4st 192brownst-2o5ne 191Manh3att-4an Id W9hen-5 189she 191finall-3y5 189arr-4iv3ed Id Epstei-4n Maxwell-4 104bo5th 106pepper-3ed4 104Teres-3a 105wit3h 104quest-3ions 106get 107infor4m8ati-4on 104about 104backg3round3 104and m8ake 26ver-2y 24cle-3ar 22that 24Eps5tei-4n 24was 25p5ow erful 26per-2s4on 24who 22shoul-2d 24not 24di3sobeye-2d Id And 77after 79of 76those-3 79obser-3vations 75about 82Epstein 79and 80his 82powerful 79networ-2k 79Epstei-4n5 79rep-2eat-3ed4ly assa-3ul3ted 47Te5res-3a and 45th3en 45cry-2pticall5y 44tol-3d 44he sexua-2ll-3y5 44assa-3ult-3ed 45h5er do Id Case Document Filed Page of Af5ter-4 4decade-3s 5of e-2scapi-4ng 4appr-2opri-3a4te 7punis-2hm8ent 7for 3his 7extr-4aor-2din3arily far reaching and dist-4urbing c5rim9es Epstein was indicted in 5the Southern Di3stri3ct of New3 York i 5July on one count 37of 31sex tr-3aff5icki-4ng 29conspi-3ra cy 35a4nd one 35coun4t 36of 31sex 36traf3fi-3cking The5 I ndictm8ent 37focused on recruitm8ent 27of 28victim6s to 28his New3 30York City and 25Beach hom8es to 28provi-3de 29him6 with3 m8assa-3ges 91th3at 92be4cam6e 90sexua-2l 86in 91n5ature Indictm11ent he 90Indictm6ent sp4eci-3fic5a4ll-3y d5escribed-2 Ep modus 6operan3di of 8abuse-2 5a4t 3th3is N4ew 6York 5m8ansi-3on 5W9hen 4a 4vict-4im6 5arr-4ived 12at th5e 4New3 York 89m8ansi-8on 89after 92be4in3g 89rec-3ruit4ed4 89she 91would 84be 90escorted 87to 90room6 89to 91per-2form9 89m8assa-3ge 90on Epstei-4n Id re 52and 50scope 47of 46physi-2cal conta-3c4t 61with3 59his 62victim6s 60to 61include 60a4m3ong 59other-4 54thi-3ngs 60s4ex 59such 56as 56gropi-3ng 59and4 59dir-3ec3t 61and4 Id Epstei-4n 69or 66one 70of 66his 72assoc-3iates 71wo7uld 71pay 70the victim6 34in 36ca-6sh 35for 33the 42m3assa-3ge Id In 34inst-4ances 33Epstei-4n 34di3rec-3ted 32his 37e4m3ployee-3s assoc-3iates 44co-5m3m8unica-3te 47with 46victi3m8s-5 44to 46arr-4ang4e for thei-4r 46return 46to 46the 42New3 44York 49m8ansi-3on additiona-2l 46s4exual-3 44encou3nter-4s.4 Id This pa4tt-3e4rn 51des3cri-4b5ed 49the 47Indictm6ent 52m8a-5tche-3s Teresa5 exper-3ience 35and 39th3e experiences of 38countle4ss other 35v5icti3m8s 34who 37su-5ffered 32abu4se 33the 37hands3 of E4pste-3in at his-2 hom8es al-4l over the w4orl-3d Short-2ly fte5r 46Epstei-4n wa6s 50indi-3c4ted o5n 49August 49Epstein 49execut-4ed 45his 52last 50wil3l 46and tes-3tam10ent 7at t-4he 5Me3tr-3opo li-3tan 2Correct4ional-4 4Cen6ter 4nam7ing 6Def4endant-3s 5the execut-2o5rs-2 4of his 7Es5tate in 56th3e 55even3t 51of his 57dea3th.3 54Com10pl 54Tw3o 54da4ys 54Eps5tei-4n5 was 54found3 54dead 51in 56h5is jai5l ce3ll Id Hi5s 4last 4wil3l 3an4d 5tes-3tam10ent w4as 3filed 3in3 10the P3robate 9Divis-2ion 3of 8th3e 4Sup eri-4o5r 8Court 3of 8the Virgi-3n 24Is-2lan7ds on 29Augus6t Id Du7e 30to subm7it-3ted 15propos-2ed no5ll-3e4 19prose-2qu5i orde-2r 16and 20Ju4dge 20Richa3rd 20Berm7an 15for-3m8all-4y 19dism10iss-3ed 20the indi-3c4tm6ent 139August Id Pl4a intiff5 139filed 139Com10plai-4nt 141shortly 136th3ere-3afte4r Nove-3m8ber-2 Case Document Filed Page of AR4GUME-3NT oti-3on dam7ages 22sh-5ould 21be 20denied factual-3 29m8atter-2 29ac3cepted 24as 31true 24to 31state 29claim7 29to 31relief 29that 24is 32pl3ausi-3b5le 27on 29face 27claim7 has 66facial-3 64p5lausibility 63when 63the 67plai5nti-3ff6 64plea-3ds 60factual-3 64con4tent 64that 64allo5ws 63the cour-2t 61to 66dra-2w Ashcrof-3t 65Iqbal i-3n5ter-4na4l quotation 51m3ark-2s 50om8it-3ted In 51eva3luating 50m8oti-3on 49to 51dism5iss-3 brought-3 44und5er 47Rule all-4 44factual-3 44a4ll-3eg4ations 45in 46the 47c4o-4m8plai-4nt 46as tr-3ue 70and 70draw4 69rea-3s4onable-3 Kashef 70BNP4 74Paribas-2 F.3d 2d Cir-2 Drawing 30rea-3sonab3l dism5iss punit-3iv 39da4m8ages the Com7plai-4nt i-3s bot-2h 5procedurally im5prope-2r a-2nd5 subst-3antive4ly3 incor-4rect I Defendants H-3ave Not 4Met-3 Th3eir-3 5Bu3rden of Proving that-2 Claim-3s Are Un3t im-3e4ly Because t-4he 4sta-3tu3te of lim9it-3ati-4ons i-2s 4an aff4ir-8m8ati-4ve defense efendant bear-3 the bu5rden of provi-3ng 49th3at lai-4nt3iff 50cla-3im are un5ti-3m8ely See Trust-2ees-2 N.Y3.C Dist-2 49Council-2 49of 46Carpenter-3s Pension 132Fu6nd 130Halc4y4on 129Constr 126Corp 129CIV PGG3 S.D.N3.Y Gardep6he A 52m3oti-3on 59di3sm7iss-3 59based 57on a 60s4tat-4u5te of li-3m8it-3ati-4on5s defense sh4ould 41not 35gra-2nted 37unless 39it 38appears4 beyond 41dou5bt that 39th3e 40p5lai-4n5ti-3ff6 39can 36prove-2 39no 39s4et of 38facts 33in 33suppo Ortiz-3 39Cornett-3a 2d 101Cir inte3rna-2l 101quo5tati3on 99m8ark-2s and itati-3on o5m8it-3ted Harris-2 39Cit3y 39of 38New3 40York Case Document Filed Page of 2d 101Cir A N.Y4 a app4lies 25to 26he4r 26c4laim8s Defendant-4s 25a4re 22equit-4ab4ly 26es3to3pped asse-3rting 44statute-3 40of 43lim9it-3ati-4ons 39d5efense and th3e 39li-3m8it-3ation5s 39per-2iod 38for 46bri-3nging 38h5er 42cla-3im6s equit-4ab4ly t-3o5lled A N.Y4 a N.Y4 a 49whi5ch4 49all-4owed 48Pla3int-3iff That p3rovision provi6des W4henever-4 272shown6 274that 274cri5m8ina 276act-3io3n 274agai-3ns4t defendant 351been 351co4m3m3enced 352with 351res-3p5ec3t 350ev4ent occur-3rence 29from9 34which 30cla-3im6 29gover-2ned 30by 29thi-3s 30section 31ari-4s4e4s the plai-4n5ti-3ff6 154shal-3l 156have 152least 156one 155ye4ar 154the 157term8inat-4ion 151the cri-4m8inal-4 334action in 336which ence 337the 337civil notwit-3hstan6ding 38that-4 39in 38whi-4ch 39to 38comm5e-5nce 38such 38acti4on alr-4e4ady expired or-3 has 3less tha-2n a ye3a4r r-3em7aini-4ng Id Sec4ti-3on a yea3r 16lim4it-3a4ti-3ons 15p5eriod has th3ree 13req-2ui3rem5ents-3 has 146been 141co4m3m3enced 144aga3inst-4 145sam6e 145def-2endant-3s 144con4ce3rni-3ng 139the 145event-3 Clemens Nealon N.Y App 32Div Beca4use 36Pla3int-3iff4 34filed 36he4r 36co4m3plai-4nt 36wi5th3in 36one 35ye4ar 32of 31the 37term8inat-4ion 36of 26th3e Indi-3c4tm6ent he-3r c-2laim8s ar-3e tim8ely to t-3h 4co4ntr-3ary is t-4ha4t the I-4ndictm3ent di-4d not concern t-3he s3am7e-5 event-3 ransaction 139from4 139which 140Pl-5aintiff civil act-3ion arose becaus-3e 140Indi-3ctm5ent 142tar-4ge4ted accor-4d5ing 58to 63Def4endant-3s 59som7e 59separ-4ate-3 60sex 58traf3ficking 58oper-2a4tion 61that-4 60only 63invol-3ved un5der-2age gi3rl-3s act-3ion 321and 315the 322Indictm6ent 322arise 319diff4ere-3n-4t 321event-3s 316occur-3rence5s But 319Def4endant-3s m8isc-3har-2act-3erize lai-4nt 28and 29m8ost e4gre-2giously the va-3s4t se-3x tr-3aff5icki-4ng o5per-2ation that5 the I-4nd5ict-4m8ent t-4a4rge-2ted.7 Case Document Filed Page of The Indi-3c4tment W7as Not-6 Restr-3icted 4to3 Mino-2rs-2 As 165in3itia3l 166m8att-4er 165Indictm6ent 167cove3red-2 165crim8es Def4endant-3s co4m3m3it-3ted 167ag4ains-3t Plai-3nt3iff4 30notwit-3hsta-3nd5in3g 30the 27fact 34that 30she was ov5er 27the 32age 28of when 31they 32occur-3red Def4endant-3s-5 att-4em7pt 21to m8ini-3m8ize the 12scope-2 19of 16the 17abuse-2 14alleg4ed 20in 16the 17Indictm6ent 22by 19focusing its ref5ere-3nce3 to m8inor-3s But cl-2i ng ing to the use of the does not-3 5change pra-2ctice 43was5 45to 43rec-3ruit 44an4d 45tr-3aff5ic 42young 45fe-2m8ale-3s 44with 43vulner-4a4bil-3itie3s 44that-4 50he 44knew 46he 44could 42exploit and 15the 17Indi6ctm5ent 17spel-3ls 12out 16that 14pa4tt-3e4rn 16in 16de4tail Age is no5t 16the 17dec3idi-3n5g 14factor 17as 14whether-3 a fe-2m8ale was victim of 231the sex traf3ficking oper-2ation or 231e4xper-2ienced 229the precis3e patt-4e4rns-2 rec-3ruitm7ent 72and 70abuse-2 69descr-4ib3ed 70in 71th3e 70Indi-3ctm5ent And the act-3 69that-4 69m3any 70of 66the 72v-4ictim6s 75were-6 m8inor 425not m8ean 424non m8inor-3s 427not victim6ize-3d sophi-2sticated5 sex traf3ficki3ng 109oper-2atio5n Inde-2ed he 110Indi-3c4tm6e-5nt 1explicitly but cri-4m8es 56against 56young 54wom5en 55over-2 54the 57age 56of 54as 56well Indictm6ent id knew The 19FB3I 21confirmed 19thi-3s unde4rs-2tanding 19of the Indictm6ent victim6s yo5u 10are 11now 12or whatever 11a5ge 9you 9were4 then sdny4/p3r/-3jef5frey epst-3e4in cha3rged m8anhat-3tan federa3l c4ourt s4ex traf8ficking m8inor-3s las4t 406v5isited 402Ma3rch em5phasi-3s adde-2d The 59fact that 59Pla3in3ti-3ff6 59was 59ove4r 59ye4ars 58o5ld 61th3e 60tim4e 60that 59sh4e 60w7as 61recru4it-3ed4 the Case Document Filed Page of act-3s 20de4scrib4ed 20in 21the 17Indictm6ent 19Pla3int-3iff4 19ther-4efo7re 22had 20one 19from9 19Aug ust 19the 22date-3 on 54which 55Judge 56Berm7an-5 54for-3m8all-4y 54dism5iss-3ed 55the 57Indi-3c4tm6ent 62to 56file 56the 57C7o-4m8plai-4nt 49Having 55filed suit-4 on Nove6m3ber-2 her c-3lai5m8s 5fall well-4 5withi-3n th3at li3m8it-3ati-4ons pe3ri-3od Plai-3nt3iff Clai-2m8s Concern the Sa-2m8e Sex Traff4icki-4ng Operati o5n that-4 5the Indi-3c4tm6ent Concer-4ned of a See Ka7shef at New3 25York 25a-5ppell-4a4te 22cou4rt-3 25explicitly 28rej-4e4cte-3d 25th3e 24th3eor-2y 25that-4 25th3e 24tol-3ling 26provisions-2 25of C-2PLR4 i-3nt3ern-2a4l 16quotation 16m8ark-2s 15om8it-3ted Clemens D.2d 12at hol-3din3g 14tha th3at a is pl3aintiff4 54be the 52victim6 54or speci-4fic 30p5erson 31upon 30the 27crim3e 29had 29been3 30c4o-4m3m8it-3ted 0F the 7Court 6sh4ould 6not 6con4str-4ue the-3 4Indic tm6ent narrowly it-3se3lf 11descri3bes 8a 9pa4tt-3e4rn 13of 13abuse-2 10sp4anning 7a 9nu5m3ber-2 10of 13years Epstein 10repeate-2d5 10the 17sam6e 9patt-4erns of 28rec-3rui-3tm6ent 22and 24abuse 24and 25agai-3n 25on countl-4e4ss young 25fe-2m8ale-3s 25incl-4uding 23Pl4aintiff Se-5e id se3 15agai-3nst 12v5icti3m8s 14in 8New York 69The 69Indi-3ctm5ent 72was 69ther-4efor5e 70not 69to 71neat ly 66cat-3ego4ri-3zed 66event-3s 70th3at 67happened speci-4fied 25d5ates it covered 24sp4rawling 25sex Id not 36refer 37to 36m8isc-3onduct 37of 31the 37type 37that-9 incorrect The 154sex tr-3aff5icki-4ng 154opera6ti-3on 154th3at 152the Indi-3c4tm6ent descr-4ib3ed is 2pre-2cisely 225sam6e tr-3aff5icki-4ng5 224oper-2ation 224th3at 227Plai-3n5ti-3ff6 224was Case Document Filed Page of int-3o legations-3 55as 58to he 54per-2pe4trator-3 60the 54per-2iod 53the 57loca-3tion 56and4 55the 52sexua-2l assa-3ul 51all 49m3atc-3h 49up 49with3 49the 52pattern descr-4ib3ed 49the 52Indi-3c4tment 49Just-3 49as 46the 52Indictm6ent 52alleged that-4 69Epstein5 69rec-3ruited 71a4nd 69assa-3ulted5 69vict-4im6s 70in Indi-3ctm10ent 74Plai-3nt3if 66was 69r-6ecr-3ui3ted 72and assa-3ul3ted 77in Co-2m3pl 74Ju4st 77as 76the 72Indictm6ent 77all-4e4ged 75that-4 74v5ictim6s 75were 76escor-4ted 72to room6 19to 26m8as-6sage 22Epstein5 19when 18they 22arr-4iv3ed 20at 22hi3s 20New3 19York-4 Indi-3ctm5ent 19was escor-4ted 37to 35roo-6m to 28m8a-5ssage-3 35Epstei5n 35when 36sh 34a-5rr-3ived 33his 37New3 35York Co-2m3p-4l Just-3 24as 21the 27Indictm6ent 27alleged 26th3at 27E6pste-3in 21escala3ted 27the 27m8assages 25to 21incl-4u5de 25gropi-3ng 24a4nd 24conta-3c4t touchi-4ng her 32genit-4als Co-2m8pl 34And 37just-4 34as 36Epstei-4n 34or 36one 30of 31his 37assoc-3iat-4es 36would pay 70vict-4im6s 70cas-2h 69after 72m3assa-3ges Indictm6ent 69Ghisl-2aine-3 64Maxwell-4 69paid 67Plai-3nti-3ff6 69cas-2h 69after m8assa-3ge C-2o-4m8pl The 9conduct 8all-4eg4ed 10in 6th3e 10Indi-3c4tm6e-5nt 11is 12preci4s ely 7the 12condu4ct 12alleged 6in3 the Com7plai-4nt Def4endant-3s have 251the 252au4daci-3ty m3ake 250stunning 249conte-3n5tion 249Pla3in3ti-3ff6 249does 251not 5at Def4endant-3s 5be 4un-4fam10il-3iar-4 5with 3the def4ini-3ti-3on5 5of 8sex tr-3affick-2ing:-3 har-2bori-3ng,5 234transportatio5n 234provi-3s4ion3 234obtaining 231patr-4on5izing5 236so4li-3c4iti4ng 235person 233for 233the Epstein 50a4nd 50his 52co co4nspi-2rators 52flew 52Plai-3nt3iff9 acr-3oss 3s4tates3 5li-3nes 3from9 Californi-3a 9to3 5New3 5York City 3for 6the sole-3 5purpose of 8sexua-2ll-3y 10abusi-3ng 5her Co-2m8pl he 29is th3eref4ore-2 unques3ti-3onab4ly 29v5ictim6 30of rom6 114soph4ist-4icat4ed 115sex tr-3aff5icki-4ng oper-2ation all5eged i-3n th3e Indict-2m8ent fails Case Document Filed Page of a Fai)3l Def4endant-3s 39seek 37to 38adv4a4nce a straine6d 40int-3e4rpr-3e4tati3on of a req-2uirem8ent asse-3rting th3at thi-3s 140Cour5t m8ust app-5ly a to3 avai-3labil3it-3y5 295sp4ec3ific m3m8it-3ted 297agai-3ns4t 294specif3ic 297v5ictim6s 295identi3fied 291the Indi-3c4tm6ent ut the cases 149that 149Def4endant-3s for that-4 149propo3sit-4ion3 inappos-3ite In Christ-3odo5ulou 10Terd4eman 9the 12Second 10Depar3tm6ent 12held 12th3at only those 93claim7s 95which 95a4re 92based 92on 94even3ts 87of 91Februa-2ry 89a4nd 94Decem7b-4er becaus-3e 89was 94only 94connection 91with 96events 89of 91thes-3e 95two 94days 96that-4 89c4ri-3m8inal-4 94prosecuti-3on 94was 2d N.Y4 154App Sim7il-3arl-4y Galli-3na 24Thatche-2r the 27cour-2t 23held 22th3at 22the 22plaintif4f 23could 22not 23rel-4y 25on a 25to 23fil4e 24civi-4l 23suit for 11assa-3ul3t 8a4nd 10battery 12th3at 7oc4cur-2red 17over-2 10th3e 9cou4rs-2e the 42defendant No Mis-3c LEX3IS4 at Sup Ct Oct Christ-3odoulou and Galli-3na are both rea-3dil-3y di3stinguisha-3b5le he-5 cri-4m8inal-4 14acti4ons in Chris3todoul-3ou an4d Galli-3na focused 14on 14ev4ents-3 14that 14occ3urr-3ed 15on 14spe3cified 17dates t-3wo 142date-3s Christ-3odo5ulou and 144dates Galli-3na oth Christ-3odou5lou and Galli-3na expli-4c4itly 34re7cogniz-3ed See Christ-3odou5lou 54at Gal5li-3na N.Y4 69Mis-3c 70LEX4IS 69at 69By 67contr-4ast-3 the 72Indi-3c4tment 71in 71this 69c4ase 72was 69no 71li-3m8it-3ed 70to speci-4fic 64day or 66discrete 59event Rath4er,-2 64the I the 7cour-2se 6o ng 4at 7lea-3s4t 6in 6or 11abou4t Indictm6ent Furt-2her-2 30the 27Indi-3c4tm6ent char-3ged 24Epst3ein with 23con4spir-4acy 28and4 Case Document Filed Page of a 25broa-2d 24sex tr-3aff5icki-4ng 24s4chem6e 30while 27the 27cri-4m8inal-4 24actions Christ-3odoulou and Gallina char-3ged4 the de-3fenda6nts wi-2th c4rim9es s-2te-7m3m8i-6ng fro-3m isol-4ate-3d in3cide-3n5ts In 256contrast-3,5 254the Secon4d 254Circ-2uit opini-3on Kashef controls 257and 255d5em7onst-2rat-4es3 0C a h5ere-3 In Kashef BN4P Pari-2bas BN4PP ente-3red-2 a4 gui lt-3y5 plea of 96provi-3ding3 99Sudan 99access 99financial 100m8ark-2ets Kash6ef at 99The5 plai-4n5ti-3ff6s Sudanese vi3cti-4m8s 5of m8a-5ss 6rap-2e tort3ure-2 4delibera6te 7infection with 6HIV a-3nd other-4 4a4trocities-2 4filed3 4a com7plai-4nt 3a4gains-3t 3BN4PP withi-3n 5a 4y5ear-3 5of 8the ju3dg-4m8ent of5 5convic-3tion 5c4ontendi-4ng th3at the4ir-3 10claims-3 were 26ti-3m8ely 22under-2 a Id BN4PP 22att-4em7pt-6ed 25to 26arg-2u5e im6il-3ar 27to h-4ere th3at a di3d 9not 11apply 12becaus-3e playe-3d 9no 9rol-3e4 in 36the 37proce6edings-3 34surro5undi ng 34Pari-3ba require-2d inves-3tigat3io3n 54of 51or 56bri-3efing 54on 54any the 57facts 56in 56th3e cri-4m8inal Brief 126Def4endant-3s Appell-2e4es Kashe5f BNP4 Paribas-2 S.A No Cir Aug ECF N)4o for purpos-2es 3wa6s 4m8ore-2 5g U.S3 15sanct-4io3ns The 15Court 13th3ere-3fore5 held 12that th3e-5 victim6s 61those-3 64hum8an-5it-3a4ri-3an 65vio3lat ions 67cou4ld 66bri-3ng 64tim9ely 67cla-3im6s under-2 4a Id That-6 conspi-3racy like the 12one was 14broad 17schem5e 9spanni-3ng 15year-3s 14rat5her-2 15than 19single 14eve3n5t s-2uch 54as 53the assa-3ul3t of vict-4im6 55on 54speci-4fied 55da4te Def4endant-3s 30als-3o McE3ll-3igo3tt-3 City 36New3 34Y6ork No CIV L4GS3 WL-4 200Dec 199but is 197inapplic-2able6 199becaus-3e hinged 34s4econd 33req-2ui3rem10ent 32that-4 35th3e 34defendant3 35in 33the 32c4ivi-3l 38a4cti-4on 35be 39the 37sam6e 34defend-3ant 32char-3g5ed-5 in the crim5inal-4 ac3ti-3on Case Document Filed Page of sanctions-2 104was 104the 107rel-4ev4ant 107event-3 101occur-3ren-2c4e Kashef tr-3aff5icki-4n5g5 schem5e 230event-3 226occur-3ren-2c4e4 232iss-3ue for 228the 232purpos-2es plyi-3ng a Def4endant-3s arg-2ue that 9a 10broa-2d er read6ing 11of a would5 so-5m8ehow r-6ender-3 9the m8eani-3ngless u-4t Plai-3nt3iff4 25is 22not 23aski-3ng 25for 26exam6ple,-7 for the 126hold3 124th3at 127any p5ers-3o5n with 120tangent traf3ficking3 oper-2ation m8ay 65ava3il-3 64of a claim7s in this matter-3 p5erpetrator is sam6e the 142loca-3ti-3on 142the 137sam6e and,-5 144m8ost 142i-6m8port-3antly the 142p5att-4e4rn m8isc-3onduct 137the 142sam6e sam6e 45eve nt 46or 46occurrence 43as 46th3e 45Indi6ctm5ent 47and 45ther-4efore 40th3at a 46does 46no5t 41apply 47to 46h5er cla-3im6s Defendants Have Not Met Their B4urden of Proving that-2 Plai-2nt4if-3f Cann4ot Invok-3e Equ3it-3a5ble Est-2oppel Even 55if 56the 62Court 53were3 55hold 58that a it-3 54shou4ld 56hol3d 54that-4 49they 57a4re stil3l 56tim9ely 57under-2 54th3e 50doctrine 57of 51equit-4ab4le 57e4stoppel 54The 49Co-2m8plai-4nt3 all-4eg4es 416deta-3il 418the 417m8ethods-3 421int-3im6idat-4io3n 419and 420contr-4ol 421that 419Je3ff6rey-2 419Epstei-4n 419and 420his co conspirat6ors-2 15used 13to 13d5ete-3r heir 15victim6s 15seeki-4ng justice 15If ther-4e were ever-3 14c4ircum8sta-3nce-6 extraor-2din3a4ry enough to just-4ify 143eq4uit-3ab4le 147est-3o5ppel schem5e 226int-3im6idat-4ing 226victim6s 229silence E6pste-3in3 went4 231great 225lengths threat-2en m8anipul-4ate-3 not 236only3 co4untl-3ess victi3m8s but 236jour-3nalist-2s 234off6ici-4als a4t 234highest 235lev7els-3 231our gover-2nm8ent 144and 145others char-3ged pre-2ven4ti-3n5g 144and 145punishing sex tr-3a4ff6icki-4ng Not 144only Co-2m8plai-4nt 86but tho3s4e 85m8ethods have 121been 121highl-3y 119public5ize-3d in 121the 117m8ains-3tr-3eam6 124m8edia Plai-3nti-3ff6 ther-4efore had 120every 118rea-3son Case Document Filed Page of beli-4ev4e would 159have 161had sever ly ne4gati-4ve ev-2en4 li-3fe th3reaten3ing con4seq3uences-3 for 8h5er She5 ther5efore did no5t 11take 8ac3ti-3on5 9until 10afte4r 11s4he 10knew th at Epstei-4n was5 229dead 229and 225ti-3m8ely 232filed3 229appr-2oxim6ate-3ly 231three 230m8o-4nths 232later-2 oti-3on5 ism5iss-3 long 41had 40the 37power 40both 41at 42law 40and 35equit-4y 39to 41ba4r 41the 42asserti5o 39of 36the 42affir-3m8ati-4ve 40defense 40of 36the a 20caref3ully 18concealed3 cri-4m8e 85her-2e which 85produ3ced 86the 82lo3ng 84dela-3y 84be4tw5een 86the 87ac3cru-2al 87of 81th3e 80cause-3 84of 81action 85and 85th3e inst-4itut4ion 66of 61the 67lega-3l 66proc-2eed Gen 63Stenc-3il-3s 65Chiappa N.Y A de6fendant i-2s 4th3ere-3fore equ4itably e-2s4to ppe4d fro-3m8 ass-2erting a sta3tute5 of lim7it-3ati-4o5ns defense deception 106c4onceal-4m8ent 107thr-3ea3ts or 100other-3 104misco3nduct Fu6nk 105Belnef5tek-3him CV BMC 4W at July citation om6it-3ted em5phasi-3s added Assu-4m8ing 51the 52tr-3uth 51of the in 9favor 9Plai-3nti-3ff6 9has 11suff5ici-4ently 9plea-3d ed m3isc-3onduc4t 11that-4 shoul-2d eq4uit-3ab4ly 11est-3o5p 9Def4endant-3s-5 fro-3m8 284asse-3rt-3in3g 285statute 281li-3m8it-3ations 285defens5e Plai-3n5ti-3ff6 was 284terri-3fi6ed 281Epstein 284and co conspirat6ors-2 30that 30a4ided 32him6 30in 28keepi-3ng 30his 27v5ast 31networ-2k 30of victim qui For 29ex4ample 29Pla3intiff a ll-3eg4ed 44that-4 50Epstei-4n 45and 49Maxwell-4 45in3tim9idat-4ed 45with 38m8ult-3iple 45rem5inder-4s 44of 48thei-4r 43vast-3 50wealt-3h such-6 as 15for 16exa m3ple 12butl-3e4rs-2 15a4nd 15photogr-3a4phs 14with gover-2nm8ent 12offici-3als Com5pl Epste-2in al-4so t-2hreatened Plaintiff5 4and ins-3inuat5ed tha-3t she-3 s4hould ke-2ep quie-3t about-4 t3he abuse-3 by-4 m8e I-6d Final-3ly 33Epstein5 Case Document Filed Page of att-4em7pted 30conta-3c4t 28Pla3in3ti-3ff6 30agai-3n 30o5nce 28she 28retur3ned 29hom8e in 28an 29eff5ort-3 30to 28n5orm6ali-4ze 28the 32abuse-2 30and asse-3rt cont3rol over Plaintiff Id m8ore-2 124than 122suff5ici-4ent to3 124allow her cla-3im6s 126p5roceed unde4r equit-4ab4le e-3s4to3ppel t-4heo4ry at t-4his e4arly5 sta-3ge of the litigation heavy 86burden com7pel 24li-3tigant 23to 23antic4ipat-4e 24pot3ential 22aff5ir m8ati-4ve 24defenses 23such 23as 23the 22statute-3 25of 28li-3m8it-3ations Hirsc-2h 65Rehs 65Gallerie 65Inc CV VSB3 15at 12Feb inter-3na4l 13quot3ati-4on and 59citation 65o-4m8it-3ted T6he 59burde-2n5 60is ther-4efore4 on 65Def4endant to3 60show bey3ond 60doubt th3at 57P4lai-4n5ti-3ff6 can 51prove-2 49of 46fact4s 50in 51support 44of 46her 46cla-3im which 50would 49entitle 49her 46to 51relie Ortiz 26at citation3 25om8it-3ted And when 26defendants 22c4an4not 23do 25so co4urt-3s 24app4lyi-3n5g New3 25York-4 law have reserved 167the highl-3y 169factu4al issue 166equit-4ab4le 172es3toppel-4 169for 169judg-6m8ent 172afte4r disc-3over-2y o5r f6or jur-3y See e.g Funk 4W4L 3at de-2nyi3ng 4m8oti-3on to di-3sm7iss-3 and-10 that-4 84plaint3iff4s cla-3im6s 69tim9e 75bar-2red-2 75they 77h5ave 71all-4eg4ed 75extr5aor-2dinary c4ircum8sta-3nces 72that 74could 72warr-2ant 72the appli-4c4ati-4on5 74of 76equit-4ab4le 77tolling Zimmerman 80Poly 81Pr5ep 75Country 81Day 78Sch 78Supp D.N4.Y est-3op5pel 282claim7 284fac-3es 281severa4l hurdl-3es th3e 150plai-4nt3iff4s 150have 151all-4ege3d 149suff5ici-4ent 152facts 151warr-2ant 152the 152den4ial-4 146the 152defen dants m3oti-3ons 156dism5iss-3 sta-3tu3te 156lim9it-3ati-4ons 160groun3ds Go7tl-3in 160Lede4rman CV I-3LG3 A 107v5ast 103m8ajor-4it-3y 101the equit-4ab4le 57estoppel 61pe4rm6it-3 59plaint3iff4s 59defeat 60m3oti-3on 54to 61di3s4m8iss-3 59on 59the 57plea-3ding3s 60d5eferr-2ing 56the Case Document Filed Page of quest-3ion 114som7e 115disc-3over-2y can 115had De-3fendants 116have 116failed 114thei-4r 1burde-2n provi-3ng 55th3at 57Plai-3nt3iff4 55can 53prove-2 55no 60of 58facts 53demonstrati-2ng 55h5er 52entit3lem5e-5nt 53to 53equ4it-3ab4ly 53est-3opp5ing3 Def4endant-3s fro-4m8 ass-2ert-4in3g a st-3a4tut-3e 4of lim7it-3ati-4on5s defense Defendants H-3ave Not 4Met-3 Th3eir-3 Bu3rden of Provi-3ng that Pl-2aintiff-3 Cann4ot I-2nvok-2e Equ3it-3a5ble Toll-3ing W9hil-3e 40equit5able Fl4igh 21Sc4i 16Inc 20Cathay4 14Pac 19Airway4s 20Ltd 19Supp i-3nt3ern-2a4l 33quotation m3ark-2s and 34cita4ti-3ons 34om8it-3ted e4quit-3ab le tolli4ng-4 is 62in3cor-2rect.4 extr-4ao4rdi-3na4ry 131cir-4cum7sta-3nces 137warr-2an4ti-3ng 134equitab4le 137tolling 137par-2ticularly 134the 137per-2son 135thr-3ea3teni-4ng5 Davi4s4 ck3son cv S.D.N3.Y 52S-3ept The Da7vis th3is con4text Not5in3g asse-3rt the3ir-3 5rights the court-2 obse3rved S4 usta-3ined 57contr-4o5l 56tends 53to 56res-3ul3t 54ad ver-2se 56psy4chologi-4c4al that-4 35invariably 30have 28beha3vior-3a4l 28consequences W4hen 29thes-3e 29n5e4gati-4ve4 to 6refrain 4fro6m8 9filing-2 4a 5m3oti-3on 4to 6d5ism10i ss 6pri-3or 6to3 4disc-3ove4ry Trans-2cript 6o5f Pr-2e-5m8oti-3on 4Conf5ere-3nce at Fa6rmer 180Indyke No cv LGS S.D.N3.Y doctrines-3 25of 33equit-4ab4le 27estoppel 23and4 25eq4uit-3ab4le 27tol-3lin6g 25could 22n5ev4ert-4he4les-3s,4 25sa3ve 24the 27claims 26and 24m8ake them5 94ti-8m8ely 97and hat 92is 92ver-2y 94fact 95sp4eci-3fic 94or 91ea3rl-3y 94in 91the 97ca3se 96presum4ed 95there 95wil3l 96be 95factua3l Case Document Filed Page of psychol-3ogi3c4al 62eff5ect-3s 60of 56im6pri-3son-5m8e-5nt 61becom6e 60c-5hroni-3c 60and 55deepl-3y5 int-3e4rna-2lized,4 54in-6m8ate-3s 55exper-3ience 54hyper-2vigila3nce 56int-3e4rpe-2rsonal4 dist-4rust 464suspi-3cion hre-2at 466per-2son4al 467risk 466e4m3oti-3onal over con4tr-3o5l,3 94ali-4ena3ti-3on 89and 95psychologica-2l 96di3stancing 96as 95defense agai-3ns4t 726exploi-4tation 721and 725awareness 721the 727ri-3skines5s unpre-2dictabilit-3y 171em7ot-6ional-4 174invest4m8ents-3 176rel-4ati-4onsh4ips;-4 169soci-3a4l withdr-3awal3 104and 110isolatio5n d5im6ini-3shed 1sen3s4e worth 1and per-2sonal 138value 140and 140pos4ttraum6ati-4c 140s4tress 141reac5ti-3o5ns 141the 142p5a4ins im6pri-3son-5m8ent 364Retalia3ti-3on 364and 365fear 361ret-4a4liati-3on 367n5atur-4a4l conse-2quences of4 thi-3s unique psychological-3 5environ-4m8ent Id at i6nter-4na4l citati3ons and quotati-3on m8ark-2s o-5m8it-3ted 4an4d 4int-3im6idat-4in3g 4his 7victi3m8s-5 4cause-3d 4sim10il-3ar-7 psychol-3ogi3c4al 22eff5e cts-3 25in 23his 22countless 27vict-4im6s 24whi-4ch 24in 23tur-3n 25c4aused evere5 25fear 24of 28ret-4ali-4ation Co-2m8pl 99The 99cour-2t 101shoul-2d 94th3ere-3fore 99exte6nd 99equit-4ab4le 97to lling 101reach 99fear 149incl-4ud5ing3 Plai-3nt3iff In 76any 75event 73as 76with 76equit-4ab4le 77est-3o5ppel 77Def4endant-3s 75have 76failed 72to 76their 76burden 72of provi-3ng be4yond 5doubt th3at 7P4lai-4n5ti-3ff c-2an 5prove-2 no 4set-3 4of fac4ts 7in sup-2port 3of her 3cla-3im which Ort4iz cit3ati-4on5 179om8it-3ted 179ap4pli-3ca3ti-3on5 equit-4ab4le 37tolling 42is 40fact4ual 42iss oti-3on 35to ism5iss-3 See 29Brown 29Parkchest4er Condo 2d 33Cir findi-2ng 54that an 55evide-3ntiary 56hearing was appr-2opriate-2 54to 56de4term8ine whether-3 54the 57lim9it-3ati-4ons 55perio5d5 was 30equit-4ab4ly3 30tol-3led Gu7obadia 29Irow4a 26Supp E.D.N3.Y hol-3ding 28that-4 the 237app4li-3ca3ti-3on 231the 232tol-3ling 233doctrine is7 235quest-3io3n5 234appr-2opriately 234for dete-3r m8inat-4io3n genuine-3 114issu6es 1m8ate-3ri-3al 117fact 115wi5th 1reg-2ard-2 116w7hethe-3r 1the 112Def4endant-3s all-4eg4ed 20co4ercive 16and 20abu4sive-3 14tr-3e4atm5ent 22of 16the 17Pla3int-3iff4 19cause-3d5 19her 17to 16refrai5n 19from9 19ti-8m8ely 22raising civil 121assa-3u5lt 118and 120battery 117cla-3im Def4endant-3s 120h5ave 121failed 119thei-4r 116burde-2n 116provi-3ng Case Document Filed Page of Plai-3nt3iff4 224can 226prove-2 224set 221fact4s 225dem7onst-2rating 2entitlem8ent 221equit-4ab4le 2to3ll-3ing3 221the li-3m8it-3ati-4ons p4eri-4od 5in t-3hi3s 4cas-2e II Th3e Court Should D3en-4y the Dama ges is 32incorrect 29Not 29only 31are 28such 31dam7ages 32available 29they 32a4re 32ri6pe 30for 28use 29thi-3s 30c4ase 24Beyond 28the m8iss-3 15puni3ti-3ve4 15dam7ages that on own 22warr-2ants it-3s 25d5enial under-2 Ne6w 22York 24choic-3e of law princip3les-3 19the 22law 25of 21the Virgi-3n 19Is-2lands appli-4e4s 25th3e 24iss-3u5e 24of pu5nit-3iv3e 24dam7ages Unde6r Virgi-3n 30Is-2lan7ds 24law 24co4urt m8ay allo5w 27for 26puniti4ve-5 dam7ages 37agai-3nst 32the 37es3tate 35dec3eas-2ed 35to3rt-3fea6sor 34especia3lly 33when 33that 34tor-3tfeaso3r went 35to 36grea6t-6 lengt-4hs du5ring his l-3ife to avoid puni-4s4h-4m8ent for causi-3ng imm9e-5asur-3able har3m3 to count-4less vic-2tim9s A Mot-2ion 4to D5ism-4iss-3 Pu7nit-2ive Damages is Proc4edurall-3y Im-2proper As 21an 19initial att-4er,-2 20the 22Court 18should 22not 18dec3ide 22whether-3 20pun5it-3iv3e 19dam7ages 25availab3le thi-3s 25ea3rl-3y 24sta6ge m3oti-3on 24to 26dism5iss-3 29is 27not 26the 27proper 24vehicle 21for 23dete-3rm6i-6ning 26the 27ava3il-3ab4il-3ity 23of punit-3iv3e 29da4m8ages Rule allows a 29defendant 28to 28file 25m8oti-3on 30to 28dism5is a 5claim7 4upo-4n 4which 5reli3ef 2can 6be 5granted Fed5 4R 2Civ 4P Accordi-3ng5ly m8oti-3on not 61to 60for6m3 59of 56da-5m8ag-5es Am3usement 60St3er3n De-3fendan request 0B for batt-4e4ry and 175intent3io3nal 177infl4ictio3n 171em7oti-3on al di3stress-2 and 175does3 169not 176rela4te 174the 172suff5ici-4ency 171the all-4eg4ati-4on5s 64the om8pl-6aint-4 64The 59issue 64of 61what 65type of 61da4m8ages 67Plai-3nti-3ff6 64is 67entitle5d to hould ther-4efore4 15be 19deal-3t 18with 18at 14late4r 13stage5 See Hunte 14Pa6li-3sades 17Acqu5isi-4tion XVI No ER 5W9L 10at S.D.N3.Y N4ov Case Document Filed Page of for-3m8 10of a-5m3ages 7not3 10an 14indepe-3nden4t 13cause 11of 13action 9a 9m8oti-3o5n 10to 8d5ism5iss-3 9pra-2ye4r 8for 16relief 10in 13the in3ternal-2 159quo5tation 160and cit-4a4ti-3on5 o-4m8it-3ted Okyere 165Palis-3ades 166Co7ll-3ec3ti-3on 164LLC no5 59in3dependent-4 54cause-3 59of 56ac3tion 58for 58puniti4ve dam7ages 62under-2 59New3 54York 59law plai-4ntif4f3s 35req-2uest-3 34punit-3iv3e 35dam7ages 37as 41proc-2edurall-2y5 pre-2m8atur-4e citation omit-2ted Plai-2ntiff May R4ecover-3 Pun3it-3ive Dam-2ages i-3n th5is Case Even 9if 8a 15m3oti-3on 9to 11dism10iss-3 9punit-3ive 12dam7ag es 16were 11an 10adequat-4e 10way 8to3 9addr-2ess 12this 9iss-3ue,4 Plai-3nt3if6f m6ay 4rec-3over-2 5punitive 3d5am7ages because the 4Virgin 6Is-2lands-3 have the 82s4trongest-2 79in3terest-3 79in 81wheth4er 82punitive 76dam7ages are-3 79avai-3lable in3 79thi-3s 80ca3se And under-2 Virgi-3n Islan4d la-3w Plaintiff3 can r-3ec3over-2 puni3ti-3v5e dam6ages The Law of5 4the Vir-4g5in I-3s4lands-3 for Puniti-3v5e Dam8a-5ges Governs U3nder-2 New3 York Choi5ce of Law Principl-2es Feder-2al 7courts 4look 8to 3th3e 4choic-3e of law4 5rul-3es 3of 8th3e 4forum9 5sta-8te in 5d5eci-3d5in3g 5choic-3e of law4 dispu-2tes-3.5 Se4e 10Klaxon 10Co 7v 10Stentor 5Elec 12M3fg tor-3t 71law 75Ne6w 72York utilizes in3terest 68anal-3ys4is 69dete-3rm6ine 77which 75of 71two 69com7peti-4ng 74ju3ri-3sdict4ions has 38the 37gre-2a4ter 40int-3e4rest 40having 39law4 40appli-4ed 39in 38the 37liti-2ga4ti-3on5 40The 40gre-2ater 39int-3e4res-3t 43is 37dete-3rm6ined by 155eval-3u5ati-4on 151the 152facts 156co4ntac-3ts 152whic4h 154rel-4a4te 155purpos-2e the 157par-2ticular-4 149law P6adula 35Lilarn Prop C-2orp N.Y i-3nt3ernal 35quota ti-3o5n m8ark-2s and 60alt-4e4rations 62o5m8it-3ted Bab6cock Jac3k4son N.Y As 23explained 21below 25un5der-2 24th3e 25doc4trine 26of 21depe3c4age New3 24York 24law still g5over-2ns 19the under-2ly3ing claim5s and a-2s to c-3om8pensa-2tor-3y dam7ages Case Document Filed Page of the 107choice o5f 101law 105anal-3ys4is 107for 103puniti4ve 105dam7ages-7 107distinct 104from9 104the 107anal-3ysis-3 104for 103co4m3pensa-2tor-3y 155Adelson 154Civ J-2PO3 10at S.D.N3.Y 7Sept W9hil-3e4 10the 12law 9of 13th3e 9place 10of 13th3e 9tort ge4ner3all-3y applies3 for 93punit-3ive 97dam7ages 97in 96par-2ticul3ar a 95court5 m3ust 12consi-3d5er 12th3e 14object4 15or 13pu rpose 21of 18the 12wrong5doing 13to 19punis-2hed 14an4d 15give 12con trolli-4ng5 15weigh4t to 96the 92law 91the jurisdicti-3on 94wi5th 96th3e 95str-4ong5est 93int-3e4rest 95in 91th3e 95res-3o5lutio4n 94of the partic-2u5lar-4 89iss-3ue4 Id i-3nt3ern-2a4l 63quot ation 60m3ark-2s 59and 59alte4rations 57om8it-3ted to 146punis-2h5 145defendant,3 144not 144compensate 143the 137plai-4n5ti-3ff6 144and 145the 142ch4oice of law 140inqui-3ry 141for Id Although Def4endant-3s 190c4orr-3ec3tl-3y 189not3e 186the sdict4ion 186where 191the occur-3red general-4ly applies in 18thi-3s 19ca3se 18the 17Virgin 21Is-2lands-3 20ha4ve a 19str-4onge4r 18int-3erest 18in 18th3e 19res-3olutio4n of 136whether-3 139punit-3iv3e 140da4m8ages 142can 140awarded 141this 139case This 141being Ade5ls on 64at ste i n5 44was 44dom8ici-4led 44the Virgi-3n 9Is-2lan7ds 15not3 14New3 14York 14Com5pl see 7also 17Ade5lson 14at findi-2ng that-4 Epstei-4n als-3o had a 14privat3e 14island 15th3e 14Virgi-3ns4 15Isl5and 14where 18he abuse-2d 20c4ountl-3ess 17you5ng 15fe-2m8ale-3s Co-2m8pl 99Def4endants then 97chose 97to p5roba-2te his 102Est3ate in3 99and unde4r 96th3e 100law of 91th3e 100Virgi-3n5 Is-2lands Id Havi-5ng avai-3led 92th3em7sel-3ves of all-4 89of 86the 97benefits-3 89and4 89prot-3ections3 that-4 Virgin6 Is-2land probate and 9estat3e law 9have to 8offer Defendant-4s can3not 8als-3o 10seek 12to 8esca-3pe 9its 10dra-2wback5s W4her-2eas-2 he4 84Virgi-3n 84Isla4nds 85ha 85strong int-3e4rest4 84in 86applyi-4ng it-3s 85law 85on 79punit-3iv3e 85da4m8ages York 39has 41no concei-4vab4le int-3erest 41in 41d5enying 42the 37Virgi-3n 39Islan4ds adv-5anci-3ng that in3ter-4es3t Case Document Filed Page of such of law 5rules d5ictate 8th3e 10applica3ti-3o5n 9of 6Virgi-3n 4Islands 6law 9the 7iss-3u e4 9of punit-3iv3e da3m8ages Virgi-3n Islan4ds Law 3W9ou-4ld All-3ow f5or Puni-2ti-3ve Da5m8ages a-3gains-3t Def4endant-3s in3 thi-3s Case Virgi-3n 124Islan4ds 125law 125would 124all-4ow 122for an award 126punit-3ive 127da4m8ages in 124W4hen dete-3rm6ini-3ng 19how 22best-3 19to 21apply 27comm5on 24law cou4rts 24th3e Virgin Islands3 a4pply 26what4 24is 22known the Banks a4nalys-3is See Banks Rental-3 33Le5asing-2 35Corp 35As 36par-2t 33of 38th3e Banks an4alys-3is 37the 32V7ir-3gin 38Is-2land shoul-2d 409consi-3der-2 409th3ree 408non dispo-2s4it-3iv3e 410factors 411dete-3rm11ine 417Virgin 408Is-2lands-3 whethe3r 56any 60Virgi-3n 59Islands 61cou4rts 59have 61pre-2vi3ousl-2y 59adopted 60par-2tic ul3ar 62rule 58th3e 60posi-2t i on5 take-3n 29by 25m8ajor-4it-3y 29of 26cour-2ts 32from9 34other-4 29ju3ri-3sd4ictions 29and 28m8ost 29which 30appr-2oa4c4h Conno-2r 74at i-3nter-4n5al 77quotation m8ark-2s o-4m8it-3ted Under 65the Banks a4nalys-3is 67g5iven 62the 67extr-4ao4rdi-3nar-2y 64na4tu3re 67of 61thi-3s 65ca3se 66Plai-3nt3iff can pur-3sue p3unit-3iv3e damages against-3 5Def4endant-3s a Banks Factor One W8heth er 2Any V4irgin I-2slands 5Courts-2 Have Adopted a Rule ir-3gin 11Is-2land courts 15ha4ve 15not 16adop4ted 15rule 9as 14whether-3 9a 10plai-4n5ti-3ff6 14can3 14purs-2ue 15pun5itive3 dam7ages 17agai-3nst 17th3e 19estat3e 19of 19decea-3s4ed 19tor-3tfeaso3r who went 19to 18gre-2at 22lengths 19to 18avoid 17p5unish-2m8ent-7 for 118his 122cri-4m8es 121incl-4ud5in3g by taki-4ng his 122own Cases 121addr-2essi-4ng the 117avai labil3it-3y5 116punit-3ive dam7ages 82ha-5ve been 81li-3m8it-3ed 80to 81speci-4f8ic 82and 80inapplica-3b5le 82insta4nces See Craw3ford 80Daly s4tate Attor-3ney 50General-4 49of 46the 52United 52Stat-3e4s 50Virgi-3n 49Is-2lands 48filed 51suit-4 49agai-3nst 49Estat-4e 50on 49Janua-2ry 124seeking 129other-4 124th3ings 122punit-3ive 127d5am7ages C-2o-4m8plai-4nt GV3I 125Estat-3e4 126Jeffre-2y Epstei-4n No.7 ST CV V.I Sup Ct Jan Dkt No Case Document Filed Page of V.I Super-3.5 Ct.5 es-3tat5e 59could 62pursue 61puni3ti-3ve4 60d5am7ages 57as 60of the sur-2vival 45s4tatute Ham4il-3to3n 44Dow4so4n 45Holding Sup4er.-2 Ct.5 P4 unit-3iv3e4 dam7ages 45not 43avai-3labl5e 44in 43wrongf3u-4l 43deat-3h ctio5ns 44in 43the 42Virgi-3n 45Is-2lands Although 43Def4endant-3s-5 cit-4e4 35the Se5cond Restate4m8ent m8ages 30not3 30awar3ded 29agai-3n5st the 122represen7tatives-3 115decea-3sed3 119tortfeasor incl-4uded4 onl3y in its comm10enta-3ry a-2nd is 2no5t bi-3nd5in3g on Virgi-3n5 Is-2lands cou5rts Se4e Con7nor V.I at And a-3lt-3hough som7e Virgi-3n Is-2lands-3 tria3l cou rt-3s have-2 5cit-4ed to t-4he 4Restat-4em7ent those-3 cour-2ts w4ere-3 not f-3aced 2with t-3h5e quest-4ion at iss-3ue 80in 81this5 79cas-2e whether-3 79punit-3iv3e4 79da-5m8ages 79avai lable 75agai-3ns4t 81an 80est-3ate See Pappa-3s-5 Hotel 37on 34th3e 35Cay 33Time V.I 31Super r-3e4cognizi4ng that-4 60in 54case 56not 53invo3lving 56an 54est-3a4te 57the Second Restat-4em7ent 52of 58Tort-2s 54all-4o5ws 56for 56punit-3iv3e 54dam7ages him6 30an Giv5en the 96any 105establ3ished 103rule in 105Virgi-3n5s 105Islands 106gov5e4rni-3ng 104c4ase 104th3is Ba6nks facto4r is7 neutr-4a4l Banks Factor Tw3o The Posi-3ti-3on Tak5en by a Ma-3jo3ri-3ty of C3ourt-3s fro-3m8 Other-2 Jur-2isdictions As the 157s4econd Bank5s factor nu5m8ero-2us cour-2ts hav4e 155held 152that p5lai-4n5tif4fs 155rec-3over-2 punit-3iv3e 215da4m8ages 217agai-3nst 217the 217e4state 215dec3eas-2ed 215to3rt-3fe7asor-3 See Haralson 215Fisher-3 Surve-2ying 62Inc 6(Ariz us4 m8ark-2s o-4m8it-3ted Tillett 4Lipper-2t Mont Perry-2 120Melton Case Document Filed Page of equal-3ly 131im6p-4ort-3an4t 136functions 132and 135are 133suppor-2ted 134publi-3c 135p5oli-3cy 130int-3e4rests 136going 136be4yond 134sim5p le punis-2hm8ent 42of 31the 37wron-4gdoer-2 T6hose 36cour-2ts ave 36rea-3son4ed 35that-4 34puni3tive 34dam7ages 37do 34not 36only ser-3ve 95to 96pun5i sh wrongdoer 94but a4lso to m8oti-3vate-3 94other-4s 95no5t 91to 96engage 94sim5il-3ar 97ac3ti-3on 94in 96th3e future Kaopuiki 110Ke6aloha Haw 109App In 1this 109case genera5l dete-3rrence 51is 52of 51the 57utm6ost 57im6port-3an4ce Epstein5 54spent-3 54d5ecades 54abusi-3ng5 c4ountl-3ess you5ng and 19gir-3ls 22in3tim9idat-4ing 18th3em7 20int-3o 20sil-4e4nce and 19ga4m8ing 18the 17just-4ice-3 20sy4ste-3m8 20with 18his 17wea5lt-3h 20and 19pow7er-7 to 146avoid 147pu5nishm5ent No 142per-2son 145s4hould 145ab4le 146such 139while 146the 142sam6e consi-3dering 5them5sel-3ves to be above the la-2w Even 329cour-2ts 329g5enerall-3y 326all-4ow 329punit-3iv3e 330d5am7ages 332agai nst 330d5eceased expr-2essly ac3knowledged 11that-4 punitiv4e 10dam7ages m8ight be 10av-5ail-4ab4le 12wher4e as 40the 42decea-3sed tortfeasor-2 40takes5 40his 37own 42li-3fe Crabtree6 ex 35Kem3p 34Esta3te 38Crabtree 2d where 55tort4feasor 61seem5s 60to 61h5ave 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136ser-3ve Case Document Filed Page of York 14for 13his 12sex traf3ficking 16oper-2a4ti-3o5n 14he 15signe-3d 9his 17wil3l 16and then alm5ost 12imm9edia-3tel-4y 14cause-3d 14h5is own See 26id Giv5en the 32un5iqu3e 30facts 31su4rr-3o5unding crim8es-6 29and 30dea3th and 9the 7need3 10to 8dete-3r 8oth3ers-3 10from9 10co-5m3m3it-3ti-3ng 10su4ch heinous-3 10c4ri-3m8es 8agai-3nst 7young 10wom5en-5 10and 9then using-2 184power4 186avoid 185conse-2quen4ces-2 the 187s4ec3ond Banks factor weig4hs 185heavi-3ly 184favor all-4owing f3or pu3nit-3iv3e da3m8ages unde-3r t-3hese facts Banks Factor Three The5 Soundest-2 Rule for the-2 V7ir-3gin 3Is-2lands6 Although no5ne 14of 18the 12three Banks fac6tor-3s is dispositi-4v5e 14the 17th3ir-3d 15facto4r which 14approach rep-2resents 27th3e 30sound is 27the 27m3ost 32im6port-3ant S5ee Co7nnor at The 5soundes-2t 3rul6e 4for 6the V4irgin 4Is-2lands 6is 7to 3all-4ow 7for 6punitive 3da4m8ages against-4 5an 4estate in 13circum7sta-3nces 15extra4ordi-3nar-2y5 15as 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